Rubber Boom Slavery Essay - 702 Words

Rubber Boom Slavery Dating back hundreds of years the indigenous people of South and Central America had discovered the many uses of rubber, taken from what is known as a Hevea brasiliensis or more commonly, a rubber tree. When the latex is extracted from the tree it is hardened and formed into rubber which natives would use for numerous tasks such as making shoes, handles for tools, and even rubber balls for sports (Dean 23). Due to its useful yet uncanny features it created an immediate buzz of curiosity within the European colonies who occupied much of South America during the late 18th century. Word spread and it soon became a resource of high demand back in Europe whose industrialists sought fortune in collecting and selling†¦show more content†¦The financial success in Latin America was evident in cities such as Manaus, which transcended from a muddy Amazonian village to a rich trading city over the course of the Rubber Boom (The End of Slavery). The happening of World War I marked th e peak of the boom as the need for rubber inflated to supply troops who used the rubber for a range of different battle objects. Such a demand required the need for more slaves so the drive expanded as the rubber barons brought more servants over from Africa who were treated just as poorly as the Brazilian natives. Many slaves fled the river side towns where rubber development was common and developed communities deep within the rainforests to avoid being enslaved by the Europeans (The Indigenous Poromonas). Different ethnic groups who once called the banks of the Amazon their home were pushed outside their original habitat as a result of the rubber boom. Many tribes and native colonies were declared lost or hidden after escaping the European colonies but began reappearing after the rush began to die down. As the rubber business thrived the amount of rubber trees began to decrease and the price of rubber skyrocketed due to its scarcity. The high price of rubber stimulated the se arch for alternative sources which began when a British man smuggled rubber tree seeds out of Brazil and planted them in Southeast Asia which remains a prominent rubber supplier to date (TheShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus s Discovery Of The America1132 Words   |  5 PagesColumbian Exchange included things like natural rubber (Nunn Qian, 2010). Natural rubber is produced from latex which in return is produced when plants are cut and/or punctured (Nunn Qian, 2010). Most of the rubber came from Central and South America (Nunn Qian, 2010). People used rubber for containers, boots, tents and many other products (Brockway, 1979, pp. 144–45). Rubber became so popular â€Å"that between 1900 and 1908, 4,500 to 6,000 pounds of rubber were exported each year from the Congo FreeRead MoreEurope Is Nothing Without Africa Not The Other Way Around1104 Words   |  5 Pagescatering to religious matters, ending with improving the lives to the natives. But just as many other cou ntries Belgium immediately exploited the Congo and its inhabitants. This was all due to the mass rubber requirements in Europe and the new discoveries in the Congo. Insert of the amounts of not only rubber but ivory Africans were forced to produce mass amounts and day and were killed if standards weren t meet. â€Å"There is so much ancient blood in this peninsula† Dubois expresses as his Portuguese journeyRead MoreKing Leopolds Ghost1884 Words   |  8 PagesIn the 1880s, as the European powers were carving up Africa, King Leopold II of Belgium seized for himself the vast and mostly unexplored territory surrounding the Congo River. Carrying out a genocidal plundering of the Congo, he looted its rubber, brutalized its people, and ultimately slashed its population by ten million--all the while shrewdly cultivating his reputation as a great humanitarian. Heroic efforts to expose these crimes eventually led to the first great human rights movement of theRead MoreThe Scramble For African Colonization Of Africa1733 Words   |  7 Pagespolices during the 1880’s. Not long after With the economy not thriving anymore they need to find something else. A Scottish man invented the rubber tire and it completely changed the Congo free state overnight. It completely changed the economic prospects and fully changed the Congo’s finical problems. Sadly, the agents who were in control of the harvest of rubber were paid based on salary. Thus, it was very easy for them to double their salary based the quota that their villages made during the weekRead More King Leopolds Ghost Essay2090 Words   |  9 Pagesthe unloading and reloading of the ships arriving in Antwerp, Belgium. As Morel watched the shipments arrive he noticed something, a great amount of ivory and rubber were being transported into Belgium but nothing was being taken out, as the book states: There is no trade going on here. Little or nothing is being exchanged for the rubber and ivory†¦with almost no goods being sent to Africa to pay for them, he realizes that there can be only one explanati on for their source: slave labor. (p.2) Read MorePartition and Scramble of Africa1582 Words   |  7 Pagespopulations to move and enjoy new forms of leisure. Consequently, the production of those equipments required tremendous and reliable supplies of raw materials such as rubber and steel. The First Industrial Revolution had already led western industrialists to exploit the European natural resources. Furthermore, products such as rubber were only available abroad. Consequently, necessary raw materials were imported from Africa. The desire to explore markets abroad. Industrials needed to investigateRead MoreThe European Colonization Of Africa1855 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"humanitarian† work there forever (Hochschild 1). Morel worked for an English shipping company that was responsible for cargo going between the Congo Free State and Belgium. What Morel noticed was that ships from Africa were filled with rich, exotic goods like rubber and ivory, but the ships headed to Africa from Belgium were filled with military members and various firearms and ammunition (Hochschild 2). Morel made the conclusion that the cause of this odd â€Å"trade† between Europe and Africa was slave labor. EuropeanRead MoreEssay on Room 101 Script1605 Words   |  7 Pages(laughing) Do you here that Jamie!? (Shouting to the end of the stage) (Audience giggle) Paul: So then Haille, what’s first object to banish? Haille: Well it would definitely have to be spiders, I absolutely hate them! (A rubber spider comes out on the conveyer belt and stops under a large silver tube with room 101 marked on it) Paul: I think we’ve gathered that (smiling) (Audience giggle) Haille: But honestly what purpose do they serve? Paul:Read MoreEssay about King Leopolds Ghost2630 Words   |  11 Pagesonly be employed by industrial progress in the transportation department allowing the punctual delivery of rubber, which was in high demand due to the rubber boom. The steamboat provided relatively smooth travel across the unusual geography of the Congo for white men working in the Congo. The popular development of railroads in the Industrial revolution provided quick transportation for rubber, ivory, and without it, the territorys riches could not be brought to the sea except on foot (HochschildRead MoreHis171 Part 7, E3 Eznotes5586 Words   |  23 Pagesregions of Africa and Asia. d. colonial officers deciding on their claim to a piece of territory.* e. mercenaries and escaped convicts. 6. Among the cultural motives for the New Imperialism was a desire to a. spread Christianity. b. abolish slavery. c. civilize people of the colonies by bringing them Western education, medicine, and customs. d. end oppressive treatment of women, like sati. e. All of these* 7. The colonies offered job opportunities to European women, who often a. served

Video Game Effects On Young Children And Young Adults Essay

. VIDEO GAME EFFECTS ON YOUNG CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS Carlsbad, California Legoland is consists of video games, and Angry Birds Theme Park in China Universal Studios in Hollywood, California both also involve video game entertainment, therefore everywhere you go videogames follow! Obviously, the better technology gets the more accessible video games are becoming. Over 90% of the young adults and young children population play video games in the United States play video games. Unfortunately, 90% of those games involve mature content that often includes violence (â€Å"Little By Little, Violent Video Games Make Us More Aggressive†). Many parents think nothing of supplying these video games for their kids because they want to see them as happy as possible. But little do they know as they grow, their minds and all the experiences they go through, stick with them forever. Although guardians can be the best parents, video games can raise some kids themselves. Video games make a huge impact on youth, who play them for an excessive amo unt of time; these video games are preventing them from having an open mind and flourishing in their lives. Playing violent games can and does stir hostile urges and mildly aggressive behavior in the short term. Adolescents spend so much time on their video games, putting thoughts of shooting, cursing, and extreme acts of violence in their head; they spend an extreme amount of time on video games. Children who are so attached to the video games doShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children And Young Adults2096 Words   |  9 PagesVideo games have been a part of the lives of millions since the 70s when the original pong game came out. They have since evolved into games of violence and aggression in almost all video games that kids think are â€Å"fun†. Violent video games today affect children and young adults in a negative manor and promote aggressive behavior and can be a bad influence on their undeveloped minds. Children are so easily influenced because their frontal lobe, which is the decision making part of the brain, is notRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Soc iety And Corrupts Children And Young Adults Into Doing Bad Things1399 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games have been the subject of many criticisms throughout the years. One of the main criticisms is that violence in video games causes violence in society and corrupts children and young adults into doing bad things. A game series that is constantly in the spotlight of this criticism is none other than the Rockstar Games’ series Grand Theft Auto. The most recent implementation in the popular franchise is GTA V, which follows three main protagonists throughout their daily lives and involvementsRead MoreThe Effect of Violence in the Media on the Minds of Adolescents1539 Words   |  6 Pagesfilter what our children are exposed to. The media doesn’t force the violence on the young children, but they are setting standards for what children may think is ordinary behavior or language. (Felson) Violence is found in almost everything anymore, regardless of the movie, show or vide o games. There is some type of violence involved, and it’s almost becoming â€Å"normal†. (Felson) With forcefulness being observed in animations, sports, sitcoms and dramas, it’s likely to make children believe that thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Young Children1742 Words   |  7 Pages Observational Learning the Young Child Luciana D. Lavilaire Florida International University Prof. Marie Daurel - P. 1 Abstract This paper intends to bring awareness to the harmful effects of the media on young children. Through this paper, I will investigate the claim that television promotes observational learning. I will describe the obscenities the media exposes to children. With that, I will explain how the media causes aggression in consumers, especially those of youth. ThisRead MoreVideo Games : An Unhealthy Lifestyle1289 Words   |  6 Pages Children these days who are more focused on playing video games are at risk of having an unhealthy physical lifestyle. Video games play a part in a child’s health in that it could be the reason they do not get enough physical activity. This could lead to an unhealthy lifestyle in which they could become overweight and continue to be overweight as young adults. According to Melchior, Chollet, Fombonne, Surkan, and Dray-Spira’s research they stated â€Å"Young adults who reported playing video games onceRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effect On Society1184 Words   |  5 PagesIn recent years, many scholars have begun to examine the negative effects of media violence. There is a debate on whether negative effects directly derive from media violence. Because media violence has been proven to have a negative effect on society, this essay will argue that there needs to be more censorship on media violence. I will first examine the influence media violence has on mass shoot ings. Next I will discuss a study relating to dating violence, certain movies and shows encourage datingRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games hasRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On The Media1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of violence in the media is a big controversy; some say it affects are society and others say that there is not any proof of this. There are many theories on how violence in media does, and how it does not, affect our society. Many people claim watching television or even playing video games will affect children’s or young adults’ minds. Researches claim that they found no evidence of change in aggressiveness in childre n or young adults while playing video games. Researchers allowed childrenRead MoreThe Effects Of Screen Time On Childhood And Young Adult Development1324 Words   |  6 PagesInstructor: Andrew Ash 2/13/17 The effects of â€Å"screen Time† on childhood and young adult development The revolution of social media and smart technology began with advancements in knowledge of how things can all come together. We are now in an age where there is technology all around us, and everything has become â€Å"smart† including our phones to our tv. Which has changed the way we communicate and go through life. These advancements in technology have had an effect on those of the younger generationRead MoreVideo Games And The Video Game945 Words   |  4 Pagesentertainment which was the video game. It all started with Atari’s first console, which only had a simple game of tennis. Since then, many other companies released game consoles such as the Xbox, Playstation, and Nintendo 64. Although many adults participated in this association, children were the main crowd of this attraction, in the next following decades, children that play video games will gain remarkable techniques. As a result, video games have positively influenced children that would enhance menta l

Significance of Business Ethics-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: To what extent do business ethics concepts (ethical culture, ethical leadership, ethical climate etc) explain the "systemic cultural issues" at SMRT? Answer: In the recent times, several factors lead to the growth of the business. Ethics is one of such crucial element responsible for business growth as ethical behavior brings vital benefits to the business in the long-run. Ethical behavior helps in developing long-lasting positive impact on the growth of the company. This includes the ability to retain and attract the highly talented employees by building a positive reputation within the organization. The significance of ethics in business is far beyond morale of organizational team bond and employees loyalty. The ethical activities in the business is directly related to the organizational profitability both in the long-term and short-term (Trevino and Nelson 2016). The investors nowadays seek out mostly ethical operating firms to be socially responsible. According to Trevino and Nelson (2016), organizational culture and ethics both are the key components relating to the success of the company. The ethical codes lead to the systematic and smooth flow of the business in the organization. In the current scenario, abuses and fraud leads to major setback of the organization annually. There are many corruptions presently going within the SMRT. Bad and unethical behavior in SMRT is nothing new. On the other hand, Kish-Gephart, Harrison and Trevio (2010) commented that the major concerns lies in determining if the ethical lapses are due to the affect of bad apples (bad individuals) in the company or bad barrel that is the organizational environment. A systematic approach would lead to SMRTs cultural transformation that leads to sustainable results. Inadequate systematic approach is the only factor that stands out in the successful transformation of the organization. Effective communication between the management and employees would lead to t he growth of SMRT. Each organization is different having its own corporate culture and unique style of working. Organizational culture should be successfully implemented to achieve maximum efficiency. The ideologies, beliefs, values and principles of a company form its culture. The organizational culture control the methods and ways in which employee behave in the workplace and outside the organization. Lack of ethics in SMRT is due to poor planning and systematic failure in each segment of its business (Valentine, Fleischman and Godkin 2016). Valentine, Fleischman and Godkin (2016) commented that the employees are left unmonitored, which leads to the slack in the individuals performance and the tasks are usually left uncompleted and unmonitored. The employees are improperly trained and such untrained employees often make excuses for not finishing up the tasks as per the requirements of the business standards (Trevin and Brown 2004). If the business environment is not perfect or suitable than any norma l person would not be able to function adequately and therefore are called as bad apples of the organization. Last year, rainwater flooded in an SMRT tunnel through the opening near Bishan station, which was waist deep. It displayed the poor management culture present within the organization (SIM 2017). According to Loh (2017), organizational culture and leadership is interdependent on each other. The leaders affect the organizational culture through various aspects. This includes efficient attention, role modeling, recruitment, promotion and critical incidents. They are truly held responsible for the prevailing ethical behavior present in the organization as they affect policies, culture and practices. SMRTs fails in developing a clear standard for the organization. However, on the other hand, Soltani and Maupetit (2015) commented that the leaders or managers are unable to design an efficient plan that could communicate the company standards within the organization. An ethical leader present in the organization should be of a moral and good character. He should be trustworthy, honest, and concern for the people as well as society. Besides being a moral person, he or she should be able to set all the ethical standards for the organization. He should role model through visible action s, give rewards to their subordinates. He should also communicate about the values and ethics to be followed within the organization. If an individual possess both the traits, then only he or she can hold the reputation required for being an ethical leadership. According to Maynard (2008), effective ethical compliances program if practiced by the management helps in reducing the emerging possibilities of any negative public relation and penalties leading to misconduct. The organization should introduce carrot and stick approach. This means if the companies are able to prevent the prevailing misconduct within the organization and avoid penalties thee may receive carrot (reward). On the other hand, de Jong, Cur?eu and Leenders (2014) commented that if the company fails to follow the policies and procedures they would receive stick (punishment) for their penalties. The codes of ethics are the formal statements that convey the rules and guidelines that should be followed by the organization. This further helps the employees to identify key ethical issue and further provides a mean to resolve and address the functional areas of the business. According to the bad apple and bad barrel theory, commented by Soltani and Maupetit (2015) bad apple refers to the few unsavory individuals. They are responsible for unethical behavior and hence influence the ethical decision-making within the organization. On the other hand, bad barrel refers that people in the organization are not naturally unethical or ethical but are greatly influenced by the organizational culture that surrounds them. Systematic evaluation helps in determining the firm effectiveness that leads to organizational ethical performances and programs. It provides an objective and systematic approach that surveys the ethical condition existing within the organization. Bad and unethical behavior prevails in almost every organization. The major trick is to ascertain the present ethical lapses within the organization. The main point lies in knowing whether the ethical lapses prevailing are caused due to certain bad apples in the company or bad barrel that is the company i tself. If the problem of unethical culture lies within an individual (bad apple) then it can easily be rooted out. If the core problem lies in bad barrel, then it becomes quite difficult to find the perfect ethical solution (de Jong, Cur?eu and Leenders 2014). According to Biggerstaff, Cicero and Puckett (2015), the causes or factors related to increasing number of bad apples and employees misconduct in the organization are due to various factors. This includes lack of resources in the organization to get the jobs done and lack of familiarity with the standards applied for the job. Fear of losing the job makes the employees more stressful to complete the desired target. Moreover, Malik et al. (2015) commented that when employees believe that the organizational policies can easily be bypassed or override. They start bending rules for their personal gains and do not take the code of conducts seriously. The unethical employees or bad apples of the organization further believe to be rewarded irrespective of the means (Maynard 2008). Unethical behavior in SMRT often occurs in collectives as the employees are not individually accountable but as a whole. Malik et al. (2015) commented that peer influence is another major flaw present in recent times. The unethical behaviors in an employee make them feel as bystander apathy for their division of responsibility. If the top-level officials or employees fail to practice ethics on a daily basis, the codes and policies to be followed by the organization would be worthless. SMRT need to practice ethics religiously by making it an explicit part of each employees job description. More often, the SMRTs employees do not feel to do their jobs as nobody told them to perform their job. Therefore, it is important for the leader to take necessary measures and actions for the ethical behavior in the organization as few of the bad apples can often destroy the whole barrel. The factors responsible for bad barrel of an organization are inefficient business environment due to unethical companys culture and practices. A companys culture can easily be known through the behavior of its employees. SMRTs organizational culture has profound effect on the employees behavior. Due to prevalence of negative corporate culture within the organization, it becomes difficult to promote ethical practices. SMRTS corporate culture lags behind because of the lack of moral leadership. When the mangers or top-level leaders are unethical, the subordinates will definitely emulate the bad behavior. SMRTs Chief Executive Officer, Desmond Kuek recently resigned from his post due to constant break down and failure caused by the transport company (The Online Citizen. 2018). As a CEO of SMRT, the systematic cultures issues prevailing in the organization were raised for a number of times by the CEO but all were in vain. The SMRTs maintenance problem has too deep-rooted cultural issues . The company itself cannot resolve the deep-rooted unethical cultural issues in the organization unless each employees identifies the root problem and evaluate the problem for the cause (Biggerstaff, Cicero and Puckett 2015). SMRT lacks locus of control internally or within the management (as shown in appendix). There are generally two types of locus of control, internal and external. Internal is the belief that employees are in charge of the events occurring in ones life. While, external is the belief that chance fate or outside forces determines the organizational events (Malik et al. 2015). SMRT follows external locus of control approach by blaming others due to lack of self-efficacy. Unethical behavior in the workplace did not to be extravagant or too rampant within the organization. The corporate scandals and mismanagement structure of SMRT generally culminate due to the increasing damages that make the management situations more worsen. Almost majority of Singapore citizens have witnessed ethical misconduct prevailing within the organization. The most prevalent of them is unethical behavior within the organization, which is widespread and violates the company policies. According to Kangas et al. (2014), an ethical organization constitutes of effective communication, trust, openness, transparency, Integrity, value and openness. Most individuals are the product of the contexts in which they find themselves. The employees in the organizations should be socialized in their roles (Kangas et al. 2014). The expected role behavior is to be learned from other expectations. The leaders should give voice to the values as this helps the employees to be ethical by focusing on post-decision making. The employees should be lead to do the things more effectively by knowing their job appropriately. Generally, the organizational follows compliance approach, thus the organizational culture affects the people within the organization. The culture includes basic assumptions related to the concerns that are right and fair (Soltani and Maupetit 2015). The employees should express shared beliefs, values and assumptions that would hold the organization in a combined manner. Value based approach of ethics is highly inspirational and proactive in nature. The major emphasizes are given on expectations of high ethical standards and behavior (Nygaard et al. 2017). On the other hand, Compliance approach is punitive and reactive in nature. It emphasizes requires ethical behavior while obeying the law. Lack of ineffective leaders in SMRT is the main cause of bad barrel development in the organization (Scholten and Ellemers 2016). Business ethics should be in the blood line of any corporation. The effectiveness depends on various formal and informal systems with various policies and codes. Moreover, SMRT fails to reward their employees for their good performance, which further creates lack of enthusiasm and negativity within the workplace. SMRTs further lacks proper training and orientation program for the inexperienced or unskilled workers in the organization. The decision making process are also very ineffective leading to various mishaps and accidents by the company. Therefore, this leads to maintenance lapse within the organizational culture. An ethical organization system always requires ethical leaders with strong moral characteristics (Stevens 2008). Codes of ethics are just guidelines, which is meaningless unless applied in the organization as a part of culture. Bad barrel that is ineffective business environment is generally stronger cause than the bad apple. Even the good and nicest of employee turns ineffective in an unethical and corrupt organization. Employees in SMRT are most prone to do wrong or unethical practices, if they are unable to know the right thing. The organization lacks proper monitoring and assessment of code of ethics present within the organization. Inherently, ethical behavior starts at the top-level of the organization. Employees always emulate their own leader and the most relevant factor responsible for unethical corporate culture is the personal character of the employee. Code effectiveness should depend on the effective communication and cultural values. Unethical behavior culture in SMRT is mostly due to the result of bad barrel It is important for the leader to effectively communicate the ethical decisions as it would help in resolving SMRTs ethical issues. Positive work environment can also be created through the reward behavior that should be consistent with the code. Bad apples can be selected and sorted out but if the problem lies in the barrel itself it would affect the entire apple. The productivity and efficiency of the employees is severely affected if the existing business environment condition is negative and corrupt. Hence, it would be true to decipher bad barrel is stronger than bad apples. References: Biggerstaff, L., Cicero, D.C. and Puckett, A., 2015. Suspect CEOs, unethical culture, and corporate misbehavior.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), pp.98-121. de Jong, J.P., Cur?eu, P.L. and Leenders, R.T.A., 2014. When do bad apples not spoil the barrel? Negative relationships in teams, team performance, and buffering mechanisms.Journal of Applied Psychology,99(3), p.514. Kangas, M., Feldt, T., Huhtala, M. and Rantanen, J., 2014. The corporate ethical virtues scale: Factorial invariance across organizational samples.Journal of Business Ethics,124(1), pp.161-171. Kish-Gephart, J.J., Harrison, D.A. and Trevio, L.K., 2010. Bad apples, bad cases, and bad barrels: Meta-analytic evidence about sources of unethical decisions at work.Journal of applied psychology,95(1), p.1. Loh, L. 2017.Forbes Welcome. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/nusbusinessschool/2017/12/13/recovering-from-a-scandal-three-key-factors-in-getting-a-company-back-on-track/#5a2f3ac97614 [Accessed 19 Feb. 2018]. Malik, M.A.R., Butt, A.N. and Choi, J.N., 2015. Rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of creative self?efficacy, reward importance, and locus of control.Journal of Organizational Behavior,36(1), pp.59-74. Maynard, B. 2008.Philip Zimbardo on Bad Barrels Authors@Google | Subversive Influence. [online] Subversiveinfluence.com. Available at: https://subversiveinfluence.com/2008/04/philip-zimbardo-on-bad-barrels-authorsgoogle/ [Accessed 23 Feb. 2018]. Nygaard, A., Biong, H., Silkoset, R. and Kidwell, R.E., 2017. Leading by example: Values-based strategy to instill ethical conduct.Journal of Business Ethics,145(1), pp.133-139. Scholten, W. and Ellemers, N., 2016. Bad apples or corrupting barrels? Preventing traders misconduct.Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance,24(4), pp.366-382. SIM, R. 2017.Disruptions, flooding, fake work records: How systemic are SMRT's cultural issues?. [online] The Straits Times. Available at: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/how-systemic-are-smrts-cultural-issues [Accessed 23 Feb. 2018]. Soltani, B. and Maupetit, C., 2015. Importance of core values of ethics, integrity and accountability in the European corporate governance codes.Journal of Management Governance,19(2), pp.259-284. Stevens, B., 2008. Corporate ethical codes: Effective instruments for influencing behavior.Journal of Business Ethics,78(4), pp.601-609. The Online Citizen. (2018).Desmond Kueks resignation will not solve SMRTs maintenance problem and its deep-rooted cultural issues. [online] Available at: https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2017/11/06/desmond-kueks-resignation-will-not-solve-smrts-maintenance-problem-and-its-deep-rooted-cultural-issues/ [Accessed 23 Feb. 2018]. Trevino, L.K. and Brown, M.E., 2004. Managing to be ethical: Debunking five business ethics myths.The Academy of Management Executive,18(2), pp.69-81. Trevino, L.K. and Nelson, K.A., 2016.Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons. Valentine, S., Fleischman, G. and Godkin, L., 2016. Villains, victims, and verisimilitudes: An exploratory study of unethical corporate values, bullying experiences, psychopathy, and selling professionals ethical reasoning.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-20

Strategic Marketing Creating Competitive Advantage

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Marketing for Creating Competitive Advantage. Answer: Introduction: The breakfast restaurant would mainly focus on attracting (i) lower and middle class customers, and (ii) economical budgeters, especially those living or working nearby. This customer groups are most likely to buy coffee and baked goods. The main idea is to reach out to the people who are avid coffee drinkers, and they vary in age. Market research shows that such customers prefer nice environment where they can relax, or meet with acquaintances, enjoy good food and get benefits life lucrative programs or discounts. Keeping in mind the trend the target market has been decided upon and the business plan is chalked out. These products consumption is mostly seen among standard coffee drinkers, young students and working travelers the proximity to large office buildings, retail corridors and nearby academic institutions will provide access to the targeted customer market. The restaurant would also meet the under-served need of foot traveler-friendly breakfast establishment for the bus travelers and nearby residents. References Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.

1984 By George Orwell Essays (2359 words) - Nineteen Eighty-Four

1984 By George Orwell 1984 is about life in a world where no personal freedoms exist. Winston the main character is a man of 39 whom is not extraordinary in either intelligence or character, but is disgusted with the world he lives in. He works in the Ministry of Truth, a place where history and the truth is rewritten to fit the party's beliefs. Winston is aware of the untruths, because he makes them true. This makes him very upset with the government of Oceania, where Big Brother, a larger than life figure, controls the people. His dissatisfaction increases to a point where he rebels against the government in small ways. Winston's first act of rebellion is buying and writing in a diary. This act is known as a thought crime and is punishable by death. A thought crime is any bad thought against the government of Oceania. Winston commits many thought crimes and becomes paranoid about being caught, which he knows is inevitable (Greenblast 113). He becomes paranoid because a young woman who is actively involved in many community groups follows him. Winston is obsessed with the past, a time before Oceania was under strict dictatorship. He goes into an antique shop and buys a shell covered in glass, which is another crime punishable by death. He sees the same woman following him. Many thoughts race through his mind "I wanted to rape you and then murder you afterwards. Two weeks ago I thought seriously of smashing your head in with a cobblestone. If you really want to know, I imagined that you had something to do with the Thought Police" (Orwell 101). The girl who was following him slipped him a note while at work. The note said, "I love you"(Orwell 90). They make plans to meet each other and carry on an illegal love affair. This love affair is another rebellion against the government. It goes on for some time. Winston rents a room where he and Julia can be secluded from the outside world. They meet a man named O'Brien who indicates that he is another revolutionary. Winston and Julia go to his house to meet with him. O'Brien gives than a seditious book to read. Soon after that, they are caught by the Thought Police and never see each other again. O'Brien, becomes Winston's rehabilitator and torturer for the next 9 months. O'Brien tortures Winston in stages. The first two stages are to force the party's beliefs on him then learn and understand what is expected of him. In the third stage, Winston is made to face what he secretly fears most, rats eating his face. After being completely rehabilitated by O'Brien, Winston now loves the establishment and the government. He is set free. Big Brother is the figurehead of a government that has total control. The Big Brother regime uses propaganda and puts fear in its citizens to keep the general population in line. "Big Brother is watching you"(Orwell 5) is just one example of many party slogans that puts fear in its citizens. Big Brother uses various ways to catch people guilty of bad thoughts "In the world of 1984 the tyrant Big Brother does employ a vast army of informers called thought police, who watch every citizen at all times for the least signs of criminal deviation which may consist simply of unorthodox thoughts"(Daley 112). Winston Smith represents Orwell's view on totalitarianism. Winston rebels against the government of Oceania by starting a diary and constantly having bad thoughts against the government. "Winston knows that he is doomed from the moment he has his first heretical thought. The tensions of the novel concerns how long he can stay alive and whether it is possible for Winston to die without mentally betraying his rebellion" (Greenblast 115). Winston starts writing in a diary for two reasons. The first is that he wants to be able to remember the daily occurrences in the world. In 1984, the memory of individuals, is effectively manipulated, programmed, and controlled from the outside by the party (Kolakowski 127). People don't know what they are consciously remembering and what is told to them. "The party had invented airplanes" (Orwell 127) is just one example of the party's propaganda and false statements that change every day. The other reason for the diary is so that people in the future will be able to read what went on during Winston's time and to tell them about his daily reflections on his feelings about the party. These are the same reasons why

LA Riots essays

LA Riots essays Believe it or not, Los Angeles was just waiting for an event like the Rodney King verdict to explode. All that was needed was that one spark to ignite the anger in the citizens of South Central and cause the area to explode. One of the recent and most significant riots took place on the streets of Los Angeles on April 29, 1992. The case was controversial because Rodney King was a black male beaten with excessive force by four white Los Angeles police officers. The not guilty verdict of the four officers may have been the initial cause, but the riots were not about Rodney King and the issue of racism; rather they were more about the class tension between poor and rich. The riots were due to all the underlying festering rage that had been building up in the residents of Los Angeles and the disbelief that police, even when caught on tape, could get away with such brutality. Although many people believe the riots were caused solely by the King verdict, in reality, these widespread brutal actions were a justified protest to the social injustice and economic inequality in which people live. It was obvious that the media focused on the issue of discrimination and portrayed the riots as black rage on the streets due to the not guilty verdict of the four Los Angeles policemen that were facing excessive force charges. As we saw in the TV news channel: The live broadcast from a hovering TV news helicopter of a black man striking unconscious with a brick, kicking, and then dancing over the body of white truck driver Reginald Denny(Whitman). The bloody images of the riots indeed proved the violent side of it. In addition, the six days of rioting resulted in the death of 52 people, the injury of 2,383 people, and the arrest of 16,291 people. There was an estimated around $1 billion in property damage in Los Angeles County, not since the Watts riots of 1965 was there so much damage (USA Today). Just to look at the figures and the med...

Briefly discuss, using specific examples, the issue of vaccine safety Outline

Briefly discuss, using specific examples, the issue of vaccine safety - Outline Example They argue that the effectiveness and safety of vaccines are not guaranteed. Issues surrounding the safety of vaccines are based on the fact that the use of vaccines has been associated with health problems that occur as side effects upon using vaccines. Specifically, autism has controversially been a condition that has been linked to the use of vaccines, with children within the relevant age bracket being the most vulnerable. In this regard, parents have raised concerns over the underlying risks in vaccine use. Governments, states, and more especially medical interventionists are embarking on monitoring health status of most vaccinated patients in a bid to ensure that vaccines remain safe, over and above being effective (Miller, 2009, p.173). While most vaccines have passed safety tests, cases of vaccines that are not safe cannot be ruled out. The occurrence of health problems that result from vaccines also remains an open phenomenon, thereby necessitating intensive analysis of vaccines’ side effects and subsequent health complications that they are likely to

Vietnam vs. Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vietnam vs. Iraq - Essay Example They focus more on the differences and thus any similarity, if there exists any, is rejected off-hand. Instead of juxtaposing Iraq with Vietnam, which serves as a symbol of shameful defeat for the US, these proponents who compare this war instead with Nazi or Imperial Japan that were subdued by US forced during the Second World War. There is yet another group that feels that some similarities exist but there are differences too. for example counterinsurgency operations were involved in both cases but there is no force like North Vietnam present for Iraq. Since the fall of Saigon in 1975, Vietnam has been the symbol of failed US policies and bad military choices for many critics. It is seen as the worst possible demonstration of misplaced aggression and has been influencing American voters' attitudes towards war and use of force against a third party. Thus Vietnam analogy was something US couldn't keep out of discussion. It had to enter this debate since Vietnam's example is important and every time, US administration is criticized for its aggressive use of force, Vietnam can serve as a suitable reminder. Apart from that Vietnam also shaped the political awareness of generation that now rules America. When we closely study the case in point however more differences than similarities seem to exist between the two experiences. Vietnam in 1960s was a powerful nation and one that had long resisted against foreign domination. Sense of nationalism was strong, mobilized against the French by communists and thus people took extreme pride in their own political and social structure. They did not need a third party to tell them what was right for them. Iraq on the other hand was a weaker nation plagued by years of warfare and internal conflicts. Nationalism was missing because of extreme religious and ethnic tensions. In Vietnam, United States had adopted a vastly different approach of aggression. It had started out as an insurgency that later bloomed into full scale war. That was not the case in Iraq where it had been a full-fledge war from the beginning though it later transformed into insurgency. Similarly while Vietnam was well trained and its military strength was a force to reckon with, Iraq was a fragmented military power with no support from external sources. Apart from this, we also need to understand United States' global strategic position then and now. In 1960s, there were other powers that could keep United States' military aggression in check. Soviet Union could act as a great restraining force but that was not the case now. United States today enjoys a more powerful position globally and it has greater presence in the world than it had with USSR acting as a formidable force. It was now easier for the US to move ahead and overthrow the government in Iraq which was neither the intenti on nor the result of war with Vietnam.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 90

Marketing - Essay Example The last thing the speaker highlighted is logistics, which will determine how the product reaches the consumer. Customers would prefer a product that is always at their disposal, and transport plays a significant role in ensuring that consumers have the product when they need them. The video by Komisar explains how the companies deal with the failures as this is what determines their survival. Komisar also explains that innovation is about taking the risk of what has not been done before so as to satisfy the ever-changing customer needs. Company’s which take risks, so as to satisfy customers’ have to be more keen on the customer’s ever changing products in the in the market. The video by Fiorina explains that leadership and skills comprise of three things, ability, character and collaboration. Ability is about the entrepreneurs’ skills and experiences that make them successful in their ventures. Fiorina explains how more skilled and experienced entrepreneurs will succeed in the business sphere. The most successful companies will always rely on more experienced and skilled personnel. The speaker also explains how the character of an entrepreneur is vital in running the business to make it successful. Good character will attract business in the company in a very short period hence promoting the good reputation of the companies’ name. Fiorina explains collaboration as partnering of two entrepreneurs’ or companies with the intent of producing one or two commodities that will suit customers’ needs. The biggest take away from the videos is the aspect of taking risk in order to be successful as an entrepreneur. According to the Komisar, in the video titled â€Å" Biggest Success are often Bred from Failures† entrepreneurs should be more innovative and ready to take risks to satisfy their customers’ needs. I saw this is a big lesson and a challenge in my future endeavors in regards to any venture I may

Autonomous midwifery practice safeguards childbearing womens health

Autonomous midwifery practice safeguards childbearing womens health In 1902 The Midwives Act was introduced and the main reason was to protect women from those birth attendants who were unqualified. The Midwives Institute (now the RCM), encouraged the Act as they wanted to raise the status of the profession and open it up to more middle class women. The Act established the Central Midwives Board, after much changing we know this now to be the NMC. The Central Midwives Board created rules and standards that Midwives had to follow and supervision was introduced. Although, Clarke (2004) agrees that women benefited by having a qualified midwife, she argues that the Act actually took away Midwives autonomy, and midwives had to accept having their practice defined and restricted by Doctors. The midwives institute it seems also happily agreed the division between midwives work and doctors work, again showing that midwives were subservient to the medicine (Clarke 2004). The NMCs main function is to protect the public by maintaining a register of practicing Midwives Autonomy can be defined as : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. the right of self government, the ability of the Midwife to practice on her own responsibility for women in normal pregnancy and childbirth. Winson McDonald (2005) p22. Thompson (2004)suggests that autonomy or self-determination is a key value to midwifery and one that should be expanded so that it includes both the midwives right to practice decisions and the mothers right to decide the care that she wants (p50). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) also demands that you [Nurses Midwives] are personally accountable for actions and omissions in your practice and must always be able to justify your actions. This is reaffirmed in the NMC (2004) Midwives Rules and Standards when it advises that practice should be based on best available evidence and we are accountable for our own practice accountability cannot be taken from us from another practitioner and accountability cannot be given to us from another practitioner p17. Ledward (2004) reminds us that autonomy should not be limitless, midwives should work within their own personal competence. If a woman is low risk and uncomplicated then obstetrics should not interfere. Although Myles (p7 ref properly) agrees, they go on to advise that autonomy is not about creating professional boundaries or exerting powers to protect what they see if their territory does this mean that we shouldnt be autonomous Drivers for safeguarding Changing Childbirth Changing Childbirth was based on the principle of autonomy, it expanded the midwives professional autonomy and the main focus was that care should be woman centred (Ledward 2004). Deery Kirkham (2006) try to advise why the teams that were set up after Changing Childbirth did not work. Caroline Flints team who were the focus of a know your midwife (KYM) scheme, had worked as a team for a while and each person had a strength so their dynamics were successful. When teams were created during the NHS Deery Kirkham suggest that no thought was given to the team environment and as such midwives were quite anxious and felt demotivated and demoralized. These midwives, who were meant to provide support to the women in their care, were not supported in their working environment. It was apparent that the focus was on finances and not on the women. This was echoed by Clarke (2004) who suggests that changing childbirth wasnt accepted by midwives as they felt unprepared and unwilling to accept th e new level of responsibility (p227) Maternity Matters As a driver to safeguard childbearing and womens health, it seems appropriate to say what they advice autonomous to mean. Autonomy means having the freedom to act on behalf of childbearing women and work in partnership, have knowledge and capability to provide continuous care for straightforward pregnancies as well as having a working relationship with other members of the healthcare team. Do you agree The executive summary advised its aim was to develop a patient-led NHS that uses available resources as effectively and fairly as possible to promote health, reduce health inequalities and deliver the best and safest health care. It also advised that there should be National choice guarantees:- 1. Choice of how to access maternity care 2. Choice of type of antenatal care 3. Choice of place of birth homebirth birth in local facility , inc hospital, with MLC birth in hospital with maternity team 4. Choice of postnatal care. Is it happening anywhere? The Prime Ministers Commission on the future of Nursing and Midwifery in England It drew on systematic reviews conducted in OECD countries with broadly comparable health systems and nursing/midwifery roles; 17 of the 32 reviews looked at studies from the UK. It only included studies where it could be ascertained what was being done and by whom, and to what other types of care nursing and midwifery was compared (no intervention, different models of nursing or midwifery care, or care from other health professionals).Can easily be interpreted as a revision of Maternity Matters and NSF Children, Young People and Maternity Services and Changing Childbirth. The Commission was launched by the Prime Minister on 10 March 2009, and was asked to report by the end of March 2010. It was highlighted early on that there was room for improvement in maternity services; there were unnecessary medical interventions, limited choices limited involvement in decision making for women. The commission called for views off people and in 4 months their independent website had had 14000 hits. They received 2500 views, but this was from organisations on behalf of their members and individuals. Most people understood the role of the midwife in relation to maternity, however, many worryingly, believed that the doctor input was necessary even in normal pregnancy. They reviewed existing effectiveness ( cost effectiveness) drew on rapid systematic reviews and the findings for midwifery was positive! Midwife led care for low risk women compared to dr led care appears to improve a range of maternal outcomes. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å"no of procedures in labour and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ satisfaction with care. No evidence of any adverse outcomes associated with MLC. They have proposed a pledge to be taken on under the NHS constitution, which they believe after interpreting the feedback, renew the sense of civic responsibility and provide guidance on handling the impact of economic pressures on health services. The guiding principles of the NHS are underpinned by core values derived from extensive discussions with staff, patients and public. These values are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ respect and dignity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ commitment to quality of care à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ compassion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ improving lives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ working together for patients à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ everyone counts. Evaluation of midwifery Our commissioned review found evidence of the benefits of midwifery in three systematic reviews conducted in the UK, Switzerland and the USA that compared midwife-led care during pregnancy and after birth with doctor-led care (Caird et al. 2010). No evidence of a difference between providers was found for infant outcomes. Midwife-led care demonstrated better maternal outcomes than doctorled care with respect to pregnancy-induced hypertension, spontaneous vaginal birth and breastfeeding initiation, and less intervention, in terms of instrumental deliveries, episiotomies, use of analgesia and anaesthesia. Women receiving midwife-led care were less likely to experience antenatal hospitalization and fetal monitoring in labour. Midwife-led care was beneficial in terms of service users satisfaction and perception of care, and was more likely than doctor-led care to result in attendance at birth by a known midwife. There was no evidence of a difference between providers with respect to some other maternal outcomes and interventions, including Caesarean sections. The mean number of antenatal visits and duration of postnatal stay did not differ between providers. Other studies support this evidence that midwife-led care for low-risk women, when compared to doctor-led care, appears to improve a range of maternal outcomes, reduce the number of procedures in labour, and increase satisfaction with care. The narrower scope and more specific expected outcomes of midwifery make its socioeconomic case easier to construct. The challenge is not to analyse what midwives can contribute, but to ensure their resource is properly used. At present, for example, there is some wasteful duplication between midwife and GP, and midwife and obstetrician. The midwifery offer has not changed and the midwife should work at all times in the way she is enabled to in statute and through education; otherwise society is not getting best value for money. High Impact Actions for Nursing Midwifery A page advises that increasing normal birth and stop unnecessary caesarean sections through MWs taking the lead role. Gould (2010) advises that this document defines the need to rebalance between medical focus and more emphasis on involving midwifery, however, Goldstein (2007) (In Gould 2010) suggests that more work should be done to stop loss aversion phenomena, whereby the public believe that an obstetric unit becoming a midwife led unit is a downgrade and not a positive. A sense of loss for not having Drs and Epidural available. However, it could also be that this time of budget cutting, could assist with the Prime Ministers commission as Gould (2007) suggests that medicalization will not be affordable. This would certainly help with a redistribution of power.

Eveline´s Decision in Eveline by James Joyce :: essays research papers

In the short story â€Å"Eveline â€Å" by James Joyce, Eveline, the protagonist is given the opportunity to escape from her hard unendurable life at home and live a life of true happiness at Buenos Ayres with Frank, her lover. Throughout the story, Eveline is faced with a few good memories of her past from her childhood and her mother, but she also faces the horrible flashbacks of her mother’s illness and her father’s violence. In the end, she does not leave with Frank, Eveline’s indecisiveness and the burden of her family’s duties makes her stay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By not taking that opportunity, Eveline probably missed a life of exploration with Frank. Eveline would have had the chance to know what independence feels like and she would have had the chance to experience individual freedom. Instead, her life afterwards is a life of regret and imprisonment with her family. Being an only child, she is bound by her family’s actions and their duties. Eveline has taken on an incredible part of the burden in keeping the family together. Her father is an overbearing and unfair man who takes his daughters earnings for himself; and rather than appreciating her sacrifices, he ridicules her. As she now lives with her dad and her two brothers, she feels tired and frustrated with her dad’s commands and her everyday life. Everyday, she sadly waits for frank to come back into her life once again and fill her life with happiness. Eveline may possibily in the future live her freedom when her controlling father passes away, but p erhaps it will become too late for her to experience the freedom she wanted.

Hamlet Siloquies

Hamlet gives us seven soliloquies, all centered on the most important existential themes: the emptiness of existence, suicide, death, suffering, action, a fear of death which puts off the most momentous decisions, the fear of the beyond, the degradation of the flesh, the triumph of vice over virtue, the pride and hypocrisy of human beings, and the difficulty of acting under the weight of a thought ‘which makes cowards of us all'.He offers us also, in the last act, some remarks made in conversation with Horatio in the cemetery which it is suitable to place in the same context as the soliloquies because the themes of life and death in general and his attitude when confronted by his own death have been with him constantly. Hamlet's soliloquy's reveal much about his character. However, they mainly seem to reveal that he is virtuous, though quite indecisive. These characteristics are explored through his various ways of insulting himself for not acting on his beliefs, and his consta nt need to reassure himself that his deeds are correct.Four of his seven soliloquies deserve our special attention: ‘O that this too sullied flesh would melt', ‘O what a rogue and peasant slave am I! ‘, ‘To be, or not to be, that is the question', and ‘How all occasions do inform against me'. In Act 1 Scene 2, Hamlet is suicidally depressed by his father’s death and mother’s remarriage. He is disillusioned with life, love and women. Whether ‘sullied’ or ‘solid’ flesh, the reference is to man’s fallen state.This is the fault of woman, because of Eve’s sin, and because the misogynistic medieval church had decreed that the father supplied the spirit and the mother the physical element of their offspring. Both words apply equally well, linking with the theme of corruption or the imagery of heaviness, but ‘solid’ is more subtle and fits better with the sustained metaphor of ‘meltingâ₠¬â„¢, ‘dew’ and ‘moist’, and the overarching framework of the four hierarchical elemental levels in the play: fire, air, water and earth. Melancholy was associated with a congealing of the blood, which also supports the ‘solid’ reading.In all likelihood it is a deliberate pun on both words by the dramatist and Hamlet. Other imagery concerns a barren earth, weed-infested and gone to seed, making the soliloquy an elegy for a world and father lost. Hamlet condemns his mother for lack of delay, and is concerned about her having fallen ‘to incestuous sheets’. His attitude to his dead father, his mother and his new father are all made clear to the audience here, but we may suspect that he has a habit of exaggeration and strong passion, confirmed by his use of three names of mythological characters.His reference to the sixth commandment — thou shalt not kill — and application of it to suicide as well as murder introduces the first of many Christian precepts in the play and shows Hamlet to be concerned about his spiritual state and the afterlife. Many of the play’s images and themes are introduced here, in some cases with their paired opposites: Hyperion versus satyr; heart versus tongue; heaven versus earth; ‘things rank and gross in nature’; memory; reason. In Act 1 Scene 5, having heard the Ghost’s testimony, Hamlet becomes distressed and impassioned.He is horrified by the behavior of Claudius and Gertrude and is convinced he must avenge his father’s murder. This speech is duplicative, contains much tautology, and is fragmented and confused. To reveal his state of shock he uses rhetorical questions, short phrases, dashes and exclamations, and jumps from subject to subject. God is invoked three times. The dichotomy between head and heart is mentioned again. In Act 2 Scene 2, Hamlet’s mood shifts from self-loathing to a determination to subdue passion and follow reason, applying this to the testing of the Ghost and his uncle with the play.The first part of the speech mirrors the style of the First Player describing Pyrrhus, with its short phrasing, incomplete lines, melodramatic diction and irregular metre. This is a highly rhetorical speech up to line 585, full of lists, insults and repetitions of vocabulary, especially the word ‘villain’; this suggests he is channelling his rage and unpacking his heart with words in this long soliloquy, railing impotently against himself as well as Claudius.He then settles into the gentler and more regular rhythm of thought rather than emotion. The irony being conveyed is that cues for passion do not necessarily produce it in reality in the same way that they do in fiction, and that paradoxically, deep and traumatic feeling can take the form of an apparent lack of, or even inappropriate, manifestation. Act 3 Scene 1 was originally the third soliloquy and came before the entry of the Players. Some directors therefore place this most famous of soliloquies at II. 2. 71, but this has the effect of making Hamlet appear to be meditating on what he has just been reading rather than on life in general whereas the Act III scene 1 placing puts the speech at the centre of the play, where Hamlet has suffered further betrayals and has more reason to entertain suicidal thoughts. The speech uses the general ‘we’ and ‘us’, and makes no reference to Hamlet’s personal situation or dilemma. Although traditionally played as a soliloquy, technically it is not, as Ophelia appears to be overtly present (and in some productions Hamlet addresses the speech directly to her) and Claudius and Polonius are within earshot.At the time this was a standard ‘question’ (this being a term used in academic disputation, the way the word ‘motion’ is now used in debating): whether it is better to liveunhappily or not at all. As always, Hamlet moves f rom the particular to the general, and he asks why humans put up with their burdens and pains when they have a means of escape with a ‘bare bodkin’. Hamlet also questions whether it is better to act or not to act, to be a passive stoic like Horatio or to meet events head on, even if by taking up arms this will lead to one’s own death, since they are not to be overcome.There is disagreement by critics (see Rossiter, p. 175) as to whether to ‘take up arms against a sea of troubles’ ends one’s opponent or oneself, but it would seem to mean the latter in the context. Although humans can choose whether to die or not, they have no control over ‘what dreams may come’, and this thought deters him from embracing death at this stage. Although death is ‘devoutly to be wished’ because of its promise of peace, it is to be feared because of its mystery, and reason will always counsel us to stick with what we know.Strangely, the Gho st does not seem to count in Hamlet’s mind as a ‘traveller’ who ‘returns’. Given that Hamlet has already concluded that he cannot commit suicide because ‘the Everlasting had†¦ fixed/His canon ’gainst self-slaughter’, there is no reason to think he has changed his mind about such a fundamental moral and philosophical imperative. C. S. Lewis claims that Hamlet does not suffer from a fear of dying, but from a fear of being dead, of the unknown and unknowable.However, Hamlet later comes to see that this is a false dichotomy, since one can collude with fate rather than try futilely to resist it, and then have nothing to fear. The ‘conscience’ which makes us all cowards probably means conscience in the modern sense, as it does in ‘catch the conscience of the King’. However, its other meaning of ‘thought’ is equally appropriate, and the double meaning encapsulates the human condition: to be cap able of reason means inevitably to recognize one’s guilt, and both thought and guilt make us fear punishment in the next life.With the exception of Claudius, intermittently and not overridingly, and Gertrude after being schooled by Hamlet, no other character in the play shows evidence of having a conscience in the sense of being able to judge oneself and be self-critical. This has a slower pace than the previous soliloquies, a higher frequency of adjectives, metaphors, rhythmical repetitions, and regular iambics. Hamlet’s melancholy and doubt show through in the use of hendiadys, the stress on disease, burdens, pain and weapons, and the generally jaundiced world view.The ‘rub’ referred to in line 65 is an allusion to an obstacle in a game of bowls which deflects the bowl from its intended path, and is yet another indirection metaphor. Act 3 Scene 2, Hamlet feels ready to proceed against the guilty Claudius. He is using the stereotypical avenger language an d tone in what the Arden edition calls ‘the traditional night-piece apt to prelude a deed of blood’. He is aping the previous speaker’s mode as so often, trying to motivate himself to become a stage villain, by identifying with Lucianus, the nephew to the king.This is the least convincing of his soliloquies because of the crudity of the cliched utterance, and one suspects it is a leftover from an earlier version of the revenge play. The emphasis at the end, however, is on avoiding violence and showing concern for his own and his mother’s souls; his great fear is of being ‘unnatural’, behaving as a monster like Claudius. He is, however, impressionable to theatrical performance, as we saw from his reaction to the Pyrrhus/Hecuba speeches earlier, and this carries him through to the slaying of Polonius before it wears off and, if we can believe it, ‘’A weeps for what is done’.This soliloquy creates tension for the audience, who are unsure of how his first private meeting with his mother will turn out and how they will speak to each other. He mentions his ‘heart’ and ‘soul’ again. Act 3 Scene 3, Hamlet decides not to kill Claudius while he is praying, claiming that this would send him to heaven, which would not be a fitting punishment for a man who killed his father unprepared for death and sent him to purgatory. For Hamlet revenge must involve justice.It begins with a hypothetical ‘might’, as if he has already decided to take no action, confirmed by the single categorical word ‘No’ in line 87, the most decisive utterance in the play. The usual diction is present: ‘heaven’, ‘hell’, ‘black’, ‘villain’, ‘sickly’, ‘soul’, ‘heavy’, ‘thought’, ‘act’. Act 4 Scene 4, Hamlet questions why he has delayed, and the nature of man and honor. He resolves again to do the bloody deed. Once again, he is not really alone; he has told Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to move away but they are still on stage, following their orders to watch him.Despite exhortation and exclamation at the end, this speech excites Hamlet’s blood for no longer than the previous soliloquies. Though it seems to deprecate passive forbearance and endorse the nobility of action — by definition one cannot be great if one merely refrains — the negative diction of ‘puffed’, ‘eggshell’, ‘straw’, ‘fantasy’ and ‘trick’ work against the meaning so that it seems ridiculous of Fortinbras to be losing so much to gain so little, and neither Hamlet nor the audience can be persuaded of the alleged honour to be gained.Fortinbras — who is not really a ‘delicate and tender prince’ but a ruthless and militaristic one, leader of a ‘list of lawless resolutes‘ — s eems positively irresponsible in his willingness to sacrifice 20,000 men for a tiny patch of ground and a personal reputation. Critics dispute whether Hamlet is condemning himself and admiring Fortinbras, having accepted that the way to achieve greatness is to fight and win, like his father, or whether he has now realized how ridiculous the quest for honor is, and that one should wait for it to come rather than seek it out.As the Arden editors point out, there is double-think going on, whereby ‘Hamlet insists on admiring Fortinbras while at the same time acknowledging the absurdity of his actions’ (p. 371). As so often when Hamlet is debating with himself and playing his own devil’s advocate, the opposite meaning seems to defeat the conscious argument he is trying to present. Lines 53 to 56 are grammatically obscure and add to the confusion. What is clear is Hamlet’s frustration with himself at the beginning of the soliloquy, which the 26 monosyllables com prising lines 43–46 powerfully convey.

Romeo & Juliet essays

Romeo & Juliet essays My thought on why Mercutio is so negative is because I dont think he has ever been in a true relationship. He doesnt allow himself to open up to woman he just jokes about them to his friends. Love is when you meet someone and you care more about them than you do about yourself. Romeo and Juliet can be in love but I dont really believe in love at first sight! Although people can be brought together by attraction love is not based on that. I believe in Romeos quote, youth experiences love, why the old analyzes it. When youre young your naive and open to experience love but when you get older past experiences may cloud your trust of love and relationships. Im more in between Romeo and Mercutio I have to say that I agree the most with Benvolio. He sort of sides with both of them. I agree with Mercutio when he talks about Romeo being so helplessly in love. I think that Romeo may fall in love to quickly, but Romeo atleast gives a shot at relationship. Benvolio talks kindly about Romeo and his passionate love for juliet but also agrees with Mercutio that he doesnt have to love every ...

Future evolution of trade unions. This essay address strategies and methods in needed to support the continuations of the union industry.

Future evolution of trade unions. This essay address strategies and methods in needed to support the continuations of the union industry. Running Head: ASSIGNMENT FIVEAssignment FiveAaron McCollOntario CanadaAPA StyleEach generation has; and always will face different and sometimes new challenges. These challenges are often seen as something new, something which no generation has ever had to face: Yet with careful consideration, theses challenges can be understood in comparison to challenges faced by earlier generations: Albeit, although each and every new challenge has unique qualities, there is often some commonality to be found in history: For example, there were, "three waves of major changes in the organization of work: after 1840, after 1940, and after 1975," (Heron, 1996, xiv). Beginning with craft unions, and later effected by war, the above time lines were periods of economic transformation. Undoubtedly, unionism in Canada has been able to evolve with these economic transformations of the past, and so unionism must continue its evolution if we are to remain North America's strongest unionized nation.Trade Unio n official Mick O'Reilly on stage at May...Therefore, we must firstly consider what it is that we must evolve with. It is not only the economic climate which we must consider, but also societal values. In order for unionism to achieve a set of common goals, there must be some unification as to what these goals are! Secondly, we must endeavor to clearly identify not only today's obstacles and challenges, but also challenges and obstacles of the future. In fact, the greater the understanding and articulation of these goals and their obstacles, the greater the probability is, that we, as a nation, will someday turn these obstacles into defeated memories, and our goals into reality. Lowe explains what I believe is the first, yet, most important step in coming to this unified consensus which we spoke about above. Lowe writes,What we need are public discussions about the quality of work: how to improve...

Adult Educator Interview and Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adult Educator Interview and Paper - Essay Example trial trainer obtained a post graduate diploma in industrial training arming him with relevant skills to offer excellent industrial training to employees. He began practicing human resource management in the company before being charged with industrial training responsibility following greater educational achievements. From my findings, the students being adults in most cases, the trainer employs adragogical techniques such as letting the students take control so as to feel the independence in the learning process. He encourages the sense of self direction. He also uses the learners experience to facilitate the learning process through quoting examples which any other person in class could share. For instance, asking the trainees, "could anyone share his experience with an indiscipline employee?" Kohn Kim, e-mail message to author November 6, 2012. The other way is through the adoption of two way and three way communication where students may communicate among themselves and with him. One of the models that I realized was being utilized by the instructor was the Hannifin and Peck design model. Here there were three phases involved. It begun from the point of evaluation then designing of a proper structure followed by development and implementation of instructions as may be relevant. The main reasoning in this case was evaluation and revision. The other model adopted by the instructor was the ADDIE model where analysis came as the first step. This was followed by designing then development and implementation. A final step was evaluation. Sutherland (1998) argues that; most adult students exhibit autonomy where the sense of control is extremely high. These students are also more goals oriented than otherwise. They strive to achieve their aims at all times. According to Wodlinger (2007), adults prefer practical knowledge where they become competent and master of basic concepts under study. They embrace learning by experience considering their wealth of knowledge.

Closing the Border between the United States and Mexico Research Paper

Closing the Border between the United States and Mexico - Research Paper Example One of the major law and order problems, which take place at this border, is that of illegal immigration. This problem raised many issues, such as public hostility towards the immigrants and decrease in property values. According to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) data available, the US Border Patrol catches thousands of illegal immigrants every year. Furthermore, it is important to note that this number only indicates the immigrants who failed while trying to enter illegally (Huffman and Torok, 1986). Undoubtedly, a much larger number of people have attempted it altogether, counting the failed attempts as well as the successful attempts. These illegal aliens are the cause of several economic and social problems in the US. One major problem is traceable to the reason why the Mexicans choose to immigrate to the US. Some of them do so in hopes of better job prospects and better living conditions. The ones, who choose to do so illegally, do so due to shortage of time or patience that is required for a legal immigration. Either way, they arrive in the US to face a lot of competition in the job market, as here the supply for their labor exceeds demand. Still, they manage to acquire jobs meant for low-skilled, manual workers. This creates resentment for the US citizens who are also only qualified for such jobs. They also resent these immigrants due to cultural and ethnic differences. All these factors combine to form a rather negative opinion about immigrants from Mexico. The fact that a large proportion are illegal immigrants, and thus not justified to be living in the US to begin with, further fuels the hostility, thus leading to violence and hate crimes (Espenshade, 1995). This is a major reason why the US government should consider closing down the US-Mexico border. Another problem, which arises due to this illegal migration, is the decrease in property value. The

Learning Principles in Video Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Learning Principles in Video Games - Essay Example Presently the â€Å"Play- station† has revolutionized gaming as it is fun, trendy, at times violent and at most times intelligent and kindles curiosity. It appeals to all age groups because it includes sped, accuracy with a filmic production values and background. Game Chosen – â€Å"Democracy†: Democracy is a highly educational game. It featured as the best Sim Game of the Year in 2005. It is related to politics where the player finds himself as the President or the Prime Minister of a country. â€Å"Democracy†, lets you find out how you would fare as a leader of a developed country such as The United States of America, France, Germany or Canada. The game allows you to take charge and manage your country’s finances, policies, internal affairs and security. Principles of Democracy: The most important principle of any video game is its multi media form of entertainment involving a unique synthesis of 3D art, CG effects, architecture, dramatic performance, music, sound effects, story telling, artificial intelligence and most importantly inter- activity. The basic principles of this particular game, is to educate a person on how to cope with a situation using good leadership tactics. The player is very often placed in the middle of a dilemma or a crisis where he has to use his skill and intelligence to get out of it. The most difficult aspect faced by the player is in finding the correct balance between finances, taxation and legislation to ensure the country doesn’t go into bankruptcy.

World War I, World War II Essay Example for Free

World War I, World War II Essay Technological innovation has played a significant role in most modern twentieth century armed conflicts In both the great wars- World War I, World War II and in the consequent Cold War era ,technology was used to enhance and develop weapons to garner military advantage and turn the conflict in favour of a particular country or respective front. In fact technology has helped to revolutionize the manner in which both the great wars were fought and eventually won. The cold war was actually more of a foreign policy exercise than an actual war. After the Second World War the new world order stipulated the polarization of most of the world into two blocs- the Capitalist Bloc headed by the United States and the Communist Bloc headed by the USSR. Though the cold war was never fought as a military battle the accumulation of weapons of destruction was a major feature of the foreign policy tactics of both the USSR and the US. Known aptly as the arms race this tactic was a key factor that helped determine regional power play in the thirty to forty odd years of the cold war. Some of the weapons introduced by various countries to secure military advantage in the first and Second World War as well as the cold war have been developed and widely adopted to form the military arsenal of most countries world wide Today when we look at armed conflict it is difficult to imagine a battlefield without machine guns, grenade and tanks. But prior to world war one most battles were fought with bayonets, swords, rifles and muskets. The use of technology to develop new weapons to be used in conflict revolutionized combat in World War One. Combat underwent a metamorphosis from a battle fought by infantrymen on a battle ground to a new model: trench warfare. This new style of warfare is attributable to technological development that was taking place in the factories of an industrial Europe. The innovative weapons that helped changed the course of the First World War can be essentially categorized as follows: Machine guns: Though machine guns were first developed and employed in the American Civil War to achieve a devastating effect it was in World War One that the effectiveness of these weapons reached a new height. These weapons achieved the capability to fire up to 600 bullets a minute- the equivalent of 250 men firing bullets with rifles and were classified as a weapon of mass destruction. This was highly beneficial to the armies deploying the weapons because it increased both effectiveness and reduced the number of infantry men employed in combat. These additional infantry could be trained and deployed in Ariel and naval combat Artillery: The First World War set a new standard in the number of cannons used. Never before were so many cannons used in one war. German scientists were responsible for developing Big Bertha the deadliest artillery of the time. This cannon was so powerful it had the potency to fire into the heart of Paris from a distance as far away 120 kilometres away. The scientists of the time did not only work on improving the cannons they also developed high-explosive shells. Instead of using the conventional materials these shells used thin casings filled with tiny lead pellets. These shells were highly effective and artillery power killed hundreds and thousands of men during the course of the war. The artillery was also used to blow up the ground and render trench warfare ineffective as it mad hiding underground in trenches more difficult. Gas Warfare: the First World War introduced humanity to the horrors of gas warfare. Invented by the Germans gas grenades were extremely toxic and highly effective in wiping out battalions of enemy soldiers. There were 3 main types of gas warfare which was used in the First World War. The first type of warfare employed a tearing agent which was responsible for causing temporary blindness and resulted in greatly inflaming the nose and throat of the victim. The second type of Warfare employed poisonous gases, including chlorine, phosgene and diphosgene which were highly toxic and resulted in almost certain death. Though gas masks were used during the war to protect against these gases they did not prove to be very effective. The third type of warfare employed the most dreaded of all chemical weapons in World War I mustard gas. Mustard gas burnt the lungs and skin of the inhaler leaving them to die a slow agonizing and extremely painful death. Thousands of troops were forced to die a painful death as a result of the gas warfare employed in the First World War. Tanks: Manufactured and deployed during the First World War to aid trench warfare the early tanks were no more than giant blocks of metal that could carry 1-2 people and travelled at 5 kilometres per hour. The benefits of these early tanks were that they served as moving armour car that could stand machine gun fire and could move over bared wire and destroy the machine gun nests of the enemy. Though they still required considerable developments the early version of the tank did meet with some success and created a permanent place for itself in the contemporary battle field. Planes: In the First World War planes were not armed and air combat did not play an active role in the war. Warplanes were developed in 1914 and were used primarily to observe enemy troop movements provide support to ground troops and provide information about artillery deployment. The Germans in particular deployed a number of aircrafts to help their war efforts including mini scout planes to huge floating blimps called Zeppelins that were used to carry bombs and throw them at the unsuspecting enemy. Naval Units: Naval combat played a very important and significant role in the First World War. The majority of the conflicts were fought at sea with the Allied powers aiming to negotiate a blockade of the Central Powers by sea and the Central powers attempting to break this blockade. Technoloy was used to create and deploy battleships that could carry weapons and engage in naval warfare. While the British excelled at producing and deploying Battleships the Germans developed the initial version of a submarine which would attack these battleships with stealth and speed and benefit from the element of surprise by submerging itself in the water. Technological warfare played a crucial role in determining the outcome of World War II. By the time the Second World War broke out in 1939 Scientists and researchers had already developed most of the weapons that were initially deployed in the First World War including tanks, and submarines and also developed new technology to accommodate a new brand of warfare known as aerial combat. The war greatly escalated technological development in most nations throughout the world and when the war ended many nations found them in possession of invaluable technological knowledge. This research and technological knowledge initially carried out during the war to develop new weapons of technological warfare later lead to several new sciences and developments after the war ended like cybernetics and the production of nuclear energy to name a few some innovative weapons that defined and characterized the course and outcome of the Second World War include Air Bombs Torpedoes and Missiles. Air combat was one of the biggest strategies used during the Second World War to bomb and eliminate enemy targets. Considerable research was put into developing aerial â€Å"smart bombs† which could be manoeuvred to destroy enemy targets. The German Military lead the development and deployment of these aerial weapons. Some of the weapons developed for air combat by Germany include the Glide bombs which were the world’s first smart bombs and the Fritz X anti-shipping missile, which was operated using radio remote control. The German Military also developed and deployed the world’s first jet fighter known as Messerschmitt 262 as well as the first jet bomber called Arado 234 as well as first operational military helicopters known as Flettner Fl 282 and the worlds first rocket-powered fighter (Messerschmitt 163) The war also witnessed the development of the worlds first cruise missile known as the Pulse jet powered V-1 flying bomb as well as the creation of self guiding weapons such as Torpedoes. Considerable research and development was also done on aiming devices for bombs, torpedoes, artillery and machine guns. Radar The development of digital electronics was given a massive boost by war-related research one such important invention which was used to garner significant military advantage during the Second World War was an instrument known as the radar. The UK and the US achieved prominent breakthroughs in the development and deployment of these devices which were used to track and destroy enemy aircraft, ships, submarines and carriers these devices proved to be very useful and extremely strategic in helping the Allies win the various battles. After the war these radars were deployed in various capacities for policing, monitoring and supervisory purposes in the civilian context. Submarines and Air craft Carriers Though submarines were initially deployed during the First World War they developed increased capability during the Second World War and helped change the face of naval combat. Another major development which changed the manner in which naval battles were fought was the production of the world’s first aircraft carrier. These ships made it easy for fighter planes to launch aerial attacks on enemy battleships and destroy them. Atomic Bomb: The extensive research and the quest to develop new and dangerous weapons to advance the cause of the war lead to the institution of what came to be known as the Manhattan Project which was dedicated to the endeavour of developing an atomic bomb. Today the atomic bomb remains the most profound military development of the Second World War and the ultimate weapon which helped the allies win the war irrevocably. Though there is evidence that Germany was endeavouring to develop the bomb before America the German atomic Bomb project did not come to fruition. The world’s first atomic bomb was developed and deployed by the American military against Japan in 1945. The use of the nuclear bomb against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the turning point and also the virtual end of the Second World War. The devastating effects of the bomb in these two cities made the bomb a horrendous weapon of mass destruction which grew to be feared by most nations. The atomic bomb thus became a symbol of the ultimate power the possession of which gave a country significant leverage over others. After the Second World War ended the new world order was dominated by a conflict between two ideologies: communism and Capitalism. After the defeat of Nazism and fascism the Allied forces of the Western World found a new enemy: the USSR and its doctrine of Communism. Though the USSR had been among the allied nations during the Second World War it soon became apparent that the ideological differences between the country and its neighbours could mot let them exist together peacefully? The ensuing cold war between the Western Bloc led by the United States and the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union was essentially a clash of the two rivalling ideologies of Communism and Capitalism. The cold war never played out an actual war between the two super powers. It was manifested in the arenas of espionage diplomacy and to some extent in the early 80’s in the field of sports. It was also manifested in lands ravaged by internal strife and struggling to find a new political system to function under. Over the course of the cold war there were several conflicts and wars which were connected and influenced by this ideological conflict. These wars include The Korean War of 1952, the Cuban Missiles Crises 1962, the Vietnam War of 1969 and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1980 to name a few. The majority of the weapons used in these wars were developed and manufactured by the US and the USSR The Cold War witnessed the development of may new weapons ranging from improved fire arms to new technology deployed in tanks , jets submarines ships helicopters , explosives and missile guidance systems. In the Korean War the American military supplied technologically advanced weapons to the UN forces as well as the South Korean forces. Since the battles in South Korea and Vietnam involved jungle warfare the weaponry involved in both battles followed a similar pattern. However the weapons used in Vietnam were more technologically advanced than those used in Korea. Some of these weapons include: M1 Garand the world’s first successful semiautomatic rifle which had the capability to dominate the battle field. A more advanced variation of these rifles was used in military hand combat in Vietnam. The Sioux and Huey Helicopters these were used predominantly by Allied troops in Korea to ferry troops to battle fields. Advanced versions of these helicopters were also used in Vietnam by the American troops T-34 Tanks These technologically advanced tanks were designed in Russia and used by the Communist forces in North Korea. A highly technological advanced version of this tank was also used in Russia Fighter Jets F-86 Sabres and the MIG-15 Fagot The Korean War is known for some of the intense jet fights which took place between USAF pilots flying their F-86 Sabres and North Korean and Russian pilots flying the MiG-15 â€Å"Fagot†. Both of these planes incorporated the latest technology and set the standard for future jet planes designed and deployed by both the countries Napalm Gas: Used as a biological weapon of mass destruction by American troops in the Vietnam War, the Napalm gas was developed for use in the Second World War but was never deployed. It gained notoriety in Vietnam for destroying both the agricultural lands of Vietnam and poisoning the Vietnamese people. The Cold war also led to the development of technology to aid espionage activity. The U2 spy plane was one such weapon which was developed in the United States to record and photograph military activity in the USSR and other communist States. These planes used especial technology that was not easily distinguishable on the radar and could easily take pictures and document confidential activity without detection. The pictures from one of these spy planes had led to the escalation of Cuban Missiles Crises of 1962 when the US discovered that Cuba was building a missiles program with USSR’s backing The so-called stealth bomber should be able to penetrate the Russian air defence system better than existing American bombers. The Cuban Missiles Crises was perhaps the closest the world ever came to a nuclear confrontation. The Cold war and the policy of brinkmanship often cantered on the crucial deployment of both the super powers ability to use nuclear bomb. In 1949 the US lost its monopoly over the atomic or hydrogen bomb as it was called at the time when the tested their first nuclear weapon The importance of the hydrogen bomb, and its even more powerful successors lead to a competition between the two superpowers to develop the most deadliest weapon first . This mad rush to build nuclear weapons lead to an arms race with each nation spending billions of dollars to build a military arsenal designed to effectively eliminate enemy weapons. One of the weapons that were given considerable importance from both sides was the ballistic missile. This is essentially a rocket which shoots its warheads into space and then guides them towards the desired targets. The ballistic missiles were developed by both sides at a cost of billions of dollars to ensure that neither party retains the upper hand in the arms race. The development and search for elusive technology to create weapons deployed in the First World War second war and the cold war has left an enduring legacy. Though these weapons help determine the fate of the war they also left humanity with a source to wreck endless destruction and havoc. The negative effects of the race to build nuclear weapons were witnessed in the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. With the end of the cold war the endless arsenal of weapons of mass destruction that both the USSR and the US spend billions of dollars to build was rendered useless. However as evidenced in history as one conflict ends another begins and the US has found other battles and causes to fund more development of new weapons to fight new enemies. Many of the weapons used in all three of the conflicts are the predecessors of the modern weapons deployed in modern military combat throughout the world and therefore present considerable historical significance Works Cited History on the Net dot com. World: War One Weapons Retrieved May 27 2010 from the website, http://www.historyonthenet. com/WW1/weapons. htm First World War dot com: Weapons of War Retrieved. May 27 2010 from the website, http://www. firstworldwar. com/weaponry/machineguns. htm World War Two dot net :Weapons . Retrieved May 27 2010 from the website http://www. worldwar-two. net/armamento/ Military Discovery dot com: Korean War Weapons and Vehicles. Retrieved May 27 2010 from the website http://military. discovery. com/history/korean-war/weapons/weapons. html

Thomas Paine :: essays research papers

Library: Historical Documents: Thomas Paine: Rights Of Man: Part The First -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Order The Rights of Man now. Part The First Being An Answer To Mr. Burke's Attack On The French Revolution -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- George Washington PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SIR, I present you a small treatise in defence of those principles of freedom which your exemplary virtue hath so eminently contributed to establish. That the Rights of Man may become as universal as your benevolence can wish, and that you may enjoy the happiness of seeing the New World regenerate the Old, is the prayer of SIR, Your much obliged, and Obedient humble Servant, THOMAS PAINE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Author's Preface to the English Edition From the part Mr. Burke took in the American Revolution, it was natural that I should consider him a friend to mankind; and as our acquaintance commenced on that ground, it would have been more agreeable to me to have had cause to continue in that opinion than to change it. At the time Mr. Burke made his violent speech last winter in the English Parliament against the French Revolution and the National Assembly, I was in Paris, and had written to him but a short time before to inform him how prosperously matters were going on. Soon after this I saw his advertisement of the Pamphlet he intended to publish: As the attack was to be made in a language but little studied, and less understood in France, and as everything suffers by translation, I promised some of the friends of the Revolution in that country that whenever Mr. Burke's Pamphlet came forth, I would answer it. This appeared to me the more necessary to be done, when I saw the flagrant misrepresentations which Mr. Burke's Pamphlet contains; and that while it is an outrageous abuse on the French Revolution, and the principles of Liberty, it is an imposition on the rest of the world. I am the more astonished and disappointed at this conduct in Mr. Burke, as (from the circumstances I am going to mention) I had formed other expectations. I had seen enough of the miseries of war, to wish it might never more have existence in the world, and that some other mode might be found out to settle the differences that should occasionally arise in the neighbourhood of nations. This certainly might be done if Courts were disposed to set honesty about it, or if countries were enlightened enough not to be made the dupes of Courts.